Photokeratitis, also known as actinic keratitis or UV photokeratitis, is an inflammation of the cornea caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. This condition can cause pain, redness, and visual discomfort, requiring prompt treatment. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and prevention measures for photokeratitis.
Causes of Photokeratitis The main cause of photokeratitis is prolonged and intense exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. These rays can damage the surface cells of the cornea, causing inflammation and irritation. Some activities that increase the risk of photokeratitis include:
- Outdoor activities during peak sunshine hours (10am to 4pm)
- Skiing, snowboarding and other activities on snow or ice
- Nautical activities with intense water reflections
- Welding or working with electric arcs
Symptoms of Photokeratitis Symptoms of photokeratitis usually appear within a few hours of exposure to UV rays and may include:
- Burning sensation or pain in the eyes
- Red eyes and excessive tearing
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Blurred or hazy vision
- Sensation of having a foreign body in the eye
Prevention of Photokeratitis Prevention is the best defense against photokeratitis. Here are some effective measures:
- Wear sunglasses with adequate UV protection (100% UVA and UVB)
- Avoid direct exposure to the sun during peak hours
- Wear wide-brimmed hats to shade your eyes
- Use specific protective glasses for activities such as skiing, snowboarding and boating
- For welders and other exposed workers, use protective shields and masks
Treatment of Photokeratitis If you develop symptoms of photokeratitis, it is important to consult an eye doctor. Treatment may include:
- Anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eye drops
- Cold compresses to relieve pain and inflammation
- Avoid UV exposure until completely healed
- In severe cases, treatment with therapeutic contact lenses may be necessary.
Photokeratitis is usually a temporary condition that resolves within a few days with proper treatment. However, it is important to prevent excessive exposure to UV rays to avoid more serious damage to your vision.